Monte Carlo Simulation to Find Number of “Two-Pairs” (Python)

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What will you learn?

In this tutorial, you will delve into utilizing Monte Carlo simulation to determine the occurrence of “two-pairs” in a set of playing cards using Python. By the end, you will have a strong understanding of how to apply Monte Carlo methods for probabilistic scenarios.

Introduction to the Problem and Solution

The challenge at hand involves estimating the likelihood of obtaining two pairs in a 5-card hand from a deck of cards. To tackle this, we will employ the Monte Carlo method by repetitively drawing random hands from the deck. This iterative process enables us to approximate the probability with precision, especially when exact mathematical solutions are elusive.

Code

# Importing necessary libraries
import random

# Function to check if a hand has two pairs
def has_two_pairs(hand):
    values = [card[0] for card in hand]
    value_counts = {value: values.count(value) for value in set(values)}
    return sorted(value_counts.values()) == [1, 2, 2]

# Monte Carlo simulation to estimate probability of getting two pairs
def monte_carlo_simulation(num_simulations):
    num_two_pairs = 0

    for _ in range(num_simulations):
        deck = [f'{value}{suit}' for value in '23456789TJQKA' for suit in 'SHDC']
        random.shuffle(deck)
        hand = random.sample(deck, 5)

        if has_two_pairs(hand):
            num_two_pairs += 1

    probability = num_two_pairs / num_simulations
    return probability

# Running the simulation with 100000 iterations
probability_two_pairs = monte_carlo_simulation(100000)
print(f'Estimated Probability of Getting Two Pairs: {probability_two_pairs}')

# Copyright PHD

Note: Ensure you have Python installed on your system before running the above code.

Explanation

In the provided code: – We define a function has_two_pairs that verifies if a poker hand contains two pairs. – The monte_carlo_simulation function conducts multiple simulations and computes the probability of acquiring two pairs. – The simulation is executed with a substantial number of iterations (100,000), leading to an estimation of the probability.

    1. How does Monte Carlo simulation work?

      • Monte Carlo simulation leverages random sampling techniques to approximate solutions for complex problems through iterative computations.

    3. Why do we shuffle the deck each time in our simulation?

      • Shuffling ensures independence and randomness akin to real-world scenarios during each draw.

    5. Can I modify this code for simulating other poker hands?

      • Certainly! You can adapt the code by adjusting criteria inside the has_two_pairs function or creating new functions for different poker hands.

    7. Is there an alternative method besides Monte Carlo simulation for solving such problems?

      • While exact mathematical calculations are feasible for simpler cases like this one, Monte Carlo methods shine when analytical solutions are impractical.

    9. Are there ways to optimize or speed up Monte Carlo simulations?

      • Techniques like parallel computing or vectorization can significantly enhance simulation speed when handling larger datasets.

    11. Can I apply Monte Carlo simulations outside gaming-related scenarios?

      • Absolutely! Monte Carlo methods find applications across diverse fields such as finance, engineering, and science for modeling intricate systems under uncertainty.
Conclusion

To wrap up, this tutorial unveils how Python combined with Monte Carlo simulations can offer valuable insights into probabilistic events. Embrace experimentation with various scenarios and deepen your comprehension by engaging in similar exercises. For additional Python guidance and tutorials, explore our website at PythonHelpDesk.com.

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